Urinary, HSG, and Venipuncture Practice Exam

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• Which structure collects urine from the major calyces and channels it toward the ureter?
• For standard radiographic technique, the kidneys lie in the same plane as which vertebral level?
• Which statement about renal pyramids is true?
• The blood vessel entering a glomerular capsule is the
• Approximately how many milliliters of urine in the bladder trigger the urge to urinate?
• A scout radiograph prior to contrast is used primarily to assess what aspect?
• When performing an IVU, what must be done to determine when to take each image?
• What is the normal average range for creatinine levels?
• The bladder sits posterior to which of the following?
• Before giving contrast, the radiologic technologist should know where the crash cart is located.
• Which statement best describes the IVU's purpose?
• Which term corresponds to the Loop of Henle (medulla)?
• The organ that stores urine before it is excreted is the
• Which structure receives urine from the renal papilla?
• Which measurement is used to determine the starting tomographic level for imaging?
• Which kidney sits lower in the body?
• When performing an oblique position for an IVU study, how much should the patient be rotated?
• Which degree of oblique rotation is typically used to demonstrate the kidney with minimal distortion?
• The hilum is the opening on the kidney through which what passes?
• Which term corresponds to Minor calyx?
• What is the procedure called when contrast is introduced into the urinary system through the bladder?
• The fluid that passes from the glomerulus to the glomerular capsule is the
• Where is the central ray centered for an AP bladder projection during a cystogram or IVU study?
• During a hysterosalpingogram, contrast medium is delivered to which structure?
• Which of the following are moderate reactions to contrast media?
• When a patient has two ureters and two renal pelves draining from the same kidney into the bladder, what is this condition called?
• What term describes contrast moving in the normal direction of urine flow through the kidneys?
• The opening on the medial border of the kidney is called the
• How soon after the injection of a contrast medium are symptoms of a reaction most likely to occur?
• The bladder sits anterior to which of the following structures?
• After contrast administration, when do the kidneys reach their highest concentration?
• What are the microscopic working units of the kidney called?
• What other term refers to infiltration?
• Why is it important to take a thorough patient history before administering contrast media?
• The Renal Pyramid is located in the Medulla. In which renal region would you find it?
• In IVU oblique projection, which visualization confirms the correct rotation?
• Which term corresponds to the Proximal Convoluted Tube?
• Approximately how many degrees should the patient be rotated from the supine position to an oblique position to demonstrate renal and urinary structures?
• What anatomy conveys urine to the bladder?
• Which type of tissue surrounds the kidneys?
• Which organ shows peak contrast concentration approximately 15 to 20 minutes after injection?
• What is the location of the distal ureters relative to the sacrum?
• What is the reason to do an IVU/IVP?
• The blood vessel exiting a glomerular capsule is the
• Which structure connects the kidney to the bladder?
• How much patient rotation is required for an oblique image during a cystogram?
• Superior borders of the kidneys lie at approximately which vertebral level?
• Fatty tissue that surrounds the kidneys is also known as which tissue?
• How long is the urethra in females compared with males?
• Which of the following is a plausible sign that a patient is experiencing an allergic reaction to contrast?
• In the context of contrast reaction timing, which statement is true?
• How can you determine that an IVU procedure is complete?
• In radiology, tomography involves imaging the organ in what manner?
• During a voiding cystourethrogram, which anatomy is visualized during urination?
• How long after the injection of the contrast medium does the greatest concentration usually appear within the kidneys?
• Which term refers to the gateway at the kidney where vessels and the ureter connect?
• Which renal structure filters the blood?
• Which vertebral level corresponds to the upper border of the kidneys?
• What is the capsule surrounding the glomerulus called?
• The renal column lies between which renal structures?
• Where are the ureteric openings located on the bladder?
• AP oblique projection rotation for excretory urography is approximately how many degrees?
• Which part of the kidney contains the glomeruli and is located between the renal capsule and the medulla?
• Ureters transport urine from the kidneys to
• What is the typical maximum volume the human bladder can hold when completely full?
• Which term corresponds to the Descending limb?
• What is infiltration?
• Before a urinary contrast exam, patients with diabetes, multiple myeloma, or high uric acid should be prepared by what?
• Which term represents the distal segment of the renal tubule?
• What is the name of the triangular area formed between the ureteral openings and the urethral opening?
• The superior border of the kidneys is typically located at which vertebral level?
• The kidneys lie in the same plane as which vertebral level?
• Voiding cystography is used to evaluate which condition?
• Are the ureters positioned anterior or posterior to the psoas muscles?
• For cystogram centering, which option correctly specifies the centering location?
• Urine from minor calyces drains into the major calyces.
• When performing the AP oblique projection, right posterior oblique (RPO) position, which kidney will be parallel with the plane of the IR?
• Which urinary excretory duct conveys urine from the bladder to outside the body?
• Which vessel supplies arterial blood to the kidney?
• Which structure is the major collecting chamber that receives urine from minor calyces?
• Which structure is the site of filtration in the nephron?
• Voiding cystography is most likely to demonstrate which condition?
• What is the most common cause of extravasation?
• What is the function of the urinary system?
• Which structure is the initial filtrate collection site in the nephron?
• Which structure is the gateway for vessels and the ureter to enter or exit the kidney?
• During a VCUG, which structure is observed during urination?
• Are the distal ureters located anterior or posterior to the sacrum?
• Which term is associated with the final urine collection location in the kidney's collecting system?
• Which renal structures are not demonstrated during retrograde urographic examinations?
• The long tubes that transport urine from the kidneys are the
• Which statement best describes the ureters' relation to the psoas muscles?
• Minor calyces drain urine into
• Where do you center for a cystogram?
• The inside wall of the bladder contains folds in the mucosal layer called:
• After contrast administration, about how long does it take for the kidneys to reach their highest concentration?
• Which structure carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder?
• What rotation is used for an oblique cystogram?
• Each kidney lies in an oblique plane rotated anteriorly by how many degrees?
• Which term describes the renal sinus, the space that houses the calyces, pelvis, and vessels?
• When performing an oblique position during an IVU, which anatomical feature helps indicate the correct amount and direction of patient rotation?
• What term describes the fluid that moves from the glomerulus into the glomerular capsule?
• Which body organ filters blood and produces urine as a by-product of waste material?
• In AP oblique projections, the elevated kidney is oriented parallel to the IR plane. Which option completes the question?
• Why is it important to include the distal ureters on a cystogram?
• Which statement best describes the position of the kidneys in the human body?
• Which vessel carries blood to the glomerulus?
• Which organ is part of the urinary system?
• Which radiographic study is used to evaluate the bladder by filling it with contrast material?
• Which structure lies directly behind the bladder in the human body?
• Which term corresponds to the Distal Convoluted Tubule?
• The normal BUN levels are and normal creatinine levels would not be over .
• Which term corresponds to the Efferent Arteriole?
• Where are the kidneys located?
• Which sequence correctly lists the path urine takes from the kidney to outside the body?
• Which structure transports urine from the kidney to the bladder?
• Which structure is involved in the filtration process in the kidney?
• In a clinical context, what is the term for the leakage of contrast media into surrounding tissue?
• At which vertebral level is the superior border of the kidneys usually found?
• Major calyces unite to form the expanded, funnel-shaped
• What are the two parts of the nephron?
• Why is a scout film obtained before a urinary system contrast study?
• The trigone is defined by openings of which structures?
• Which of the following are common symptoms of a mild to moderate allergic reaction to contrast media?
• What is the name of the opening in the medial border of a kidney?
• The superior border of the kidneys is usually found at which vertebral level?
• What is the normal average range for BUN levels?
• During venipuncture, the needle bevel ______ at a _____ degree angle to the skin's surface?
• Which term refers to the part of the nephron located in the medulla within the Loop of Henle?
• Which structure transports urine from kidney to bladder?
• Which region contains the renal cortex where nephrons reside?
• When performing tomograms, what is the purpose of the fulcrum?
• Which oblique position provides the best visualization of the left kidney during an IVU study?
• Which kidney structure corresponds to the renal cortex?
• How is contrast introduced into the body for a cystogram?
• The renal pyramid is located in which region of the kidney?
• Which term corresponds to the Glomerulus?
• Which AP oblique projection uses the right posterior oblique position?
• What rotation degree is used for AP oblique projection, posterior oblique position, during excretory urography?
• Urine from collecting ducts drains into the
• How do you determine the starting tomographic level for imaging?
• Which statement is true about IVU timing or completion?
• Which organ stores urine until excretion?
• Which kidney is usually longer and narrower?
• Which timing value is used to optimize renal visualization after intravenous contrast administration?
• Which projection feature indicates a correct oblique IVU rotation?
• What is the lowest portion of the bladder called?
• Seizures or cardiac arrest would indicate which reaction to contrast media?
• Where are the renal pyramids found in the kidneys?
• Which examination is an excretory study used to demonstrate the upper urinary tract?
• Which organ surrounds the proximal part of the male urethra?
• What term describes imaging the kidneys in slices or sections?
• The kidneys in the human body sit more ______.
• Which term corresponds to the Afferent Arteriole?
• Which examination visualizes the renal collecting system after intravenous contrast administration?
• What is the best overall indicator of kidney function?
• Which vessel carries blood away from the glomerulus?
• In AP oblique projections, which kidney is demonstrated without distortion?
• The dial used to set the level or plane of the section to be imaged in tomography is called:
• Which term corresponds to the Collecting Duct?
• The right kidney is located lower than the left. Which option best states this fact?
• What anatomy is labeled as the renal column?
• Cystography is the radiographic examination of which organ?
• In urography, contrast that flows toward the bladder via the kidneys is described as which direction?
• Before undergoing excretory urography, which of the following should the patient do just before getting on the examination table?
• Which structure receives filtrate after it leaves the glomerulus?
• How many L of urine are excreted from the kidneys each day?
• Which structure carries blood away from the kidney toward the heart?
• At approximately which vertebral level are the kidneys located, used to set the tomogram level?
• The trigone is located between the openings of which structures?
• The gland that surrounds the proximal part of the male urethra
• Which term corresponds to the Ascending limb?
• Which statement best describes how contrast is introduced for a cystogram?
• Which structure serves as the entry and exit point for vessels and the ureter as it connects to the kidney?
• What is the normal range for the GFR?
• What does the term afferent mean?
• Which structure is formed by the convergence of several minor calyces?
• Which structure is the central collecting area formed by the convergence of minor calyces?
• What does the term efferent mean?
• Which statement best describes the timing for mild reactions to contrast media?